Ectoine

Physicochemical Properties: Appears as a white to nearly white powder or crystal. Melting point is around 280°C, boiling point is 381.5°C, density is 1.37 g/cm³, flash point is 184.5°C, and specific optical rotation is D20 +140° (c = 1.0 in methanol). It is a hygroscopic solid with good solubility in methanol, forming a colorless and transparent solution. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) is 3.14.

Main Functions

Cell Protection: Ectoine stabilizes cell membrane structures under extreme conditions such as high salinity, high temperature, and high radiation. It maintains osmotic balance inside and outside cells, prevents water loss and the entry of harmful substances, and ensures normal cell morphology and function.

Moisturizing: As a potent moisturizer, ectoine binds with water molecules to form a stable protective layer that surrounds and protects cells and other biomolecules. It helps the skin retain moisture, reducing dryness and tightness.

Stress Resistance: Ectoine helps the skin resist external environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation, minimizing cellular damage.

Stabilization of Proteins and Enzymes: It stabilizes the structure of proteins and enzymes, enhancing the stability and efficacy of active ingredients like peptides or enzymes in skincare products. In industrial applications, it improves the activity of enzymes as catalysts, ensuring smooth progress of biochemical reactions.

Anti-inflammatory and Soothing Effects: Ectoine can calm and soothe irritated or damaged skin, effectively alleviating skin discomfort and reducing redness, swelling, and pain associated with inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory effects are comparable to hydrocortisone.

Application Fields

Cosmetics: Ectoine is commonly used in skincare products such as toners, sunscreens, creams, and mask serums to enhance moisturizing, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and soothing effects.

Pharmaceuticals: It is used to treat skin inflammations and allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and eczema. It also holds promise in developing new drugs for diseases caused by cellular damage.

Life Sciences: Ectoine is used in research on the adaptation mechanisms and cell protection mechanisms of extremophiles.

Agriculture: As a plant stress resistance agent, ectoine enhances plants' resistance to adverse conditions like drought and salinity, promotes growth, and improves yield and quality. It also facilitates the absorption of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc.

Food Industry: Ectoine serves as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of food products while improving taste and nutritional value.

Industrial Applications: It enhances the activity of enzymes in industrial biochemical reactions, ensuring smooth progress and improving production yield and efficiency.